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Process at a Glance
How the Power of Attorney Process Moves
1
Determine GPA or SPA
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2
Draft POA — Advocate Prepared
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3
Notarise or Register
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4
NRI POA — Complete Process
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5
Agent Authority — Limits
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6
Revoke GPA
Overview
Power of Attorney — Legal Framework
A Power of Attorney (POA) authorises a person (Agent / Attorney) to act on behalf of another (Principal). Governed by the Powers of Attorney Act, 1882 and the agency provisions of the Indian Contract Act, 1872. Two types: (1) GPA (General POA) — wide authority for multiple acts (property management, banking, court appearances) over an extended period; (2) SPA (Special POA) — strictly limited to one specific act, expires after that act is completed.
Critical ruling: Suraj Lamp and Industries v. State of Haryana (2012) 1 SCC 656 — GPA coupled with Agreement to Sell does NOT transfer property title. Only a registered sale deed transfers ownership. GPA buyers get no valid title. Registration of POA is compulsorily required only when the agent is authorised to sign registered documents (sale deed, mortgage) on the principal's behalf — notarised POA suffices for court, bank, and government. NRI POA: notarise abroad + apostille (Hague countries) or Consulate attestation (non-Hague) + register in India within 3 months. GPA auto-terminates on principal's death — all post-death acts are void.
Four Key Aspects of Power of Attorney
GPA — General Power of Attorney
Wide authority for multiple acts — property management, banking, court appearances, general administration. NRIs use for India property management. Revocable anytime. Auto-terminates on principal's death. CANNOT transfer property title (Suraj Lamp 2012 SC). Valid as long as principal is alive and has not revoked it.
SPA — Special Power of Attorney
Limited to one specific act only — sign a particular sale deed, appear in a specific case, make one bank transaction, execute one insurance claim. Expires automatically after the specific authorised act is completed. Use SPA wherever possible — narrower authority reduces misuse risk.
Registration vs Notarisation
Registered POA: required when agent is to sign registered documents (sale deed, mortgage, lease over 1 year) on principal's behalf. Must be registered at Sub-Registrar. Notarised POA: sufficient for court appearances, bank operations, government applications, insurance. Choose based on intended use.
NRI POA — Complete Process
Draft with Indian advocate → Execute before Notary Public abroad → Apostille (Hague countries: USA, UK, UAE, Australia) or Indian Consulate attestation (non-Hague) → Bring to India → Register at Sub-Registrar within 3 months. All steps mandatory for valid use in India.
Key Takeaways
- GPA (General POA) confers wide authority for multiple acts but cannot transfer property title — only a registered sale deed transfers ownership: Suraj Lamp and Industries v. State of Haryana (2012) 1 SCC 656.
- SPA (Special POA) is limited to one specific act and expires automatically after that act is completed — preferred over a vague GPA to reduce misuse risk and agency disputes.
- Registration compulsory only when agent is to sign registered documents (sale deed, mortgage, lease over 1 year) on principal’s behalf — Section 33, Registration Act, 1908; notarised POA suffices for court, bank, and government applications.
- NRI POA mandatory sequence: notarise abroad → apostille (Hague countries: USA, UK, UAE, Australia) or Indian Consulate attestation (non–Hague) → register at Sub–Registrar in India within 3 months of date of execution.
- GPA auto–terminates on principal’s death under Section 201, Indian Contract Act, 1872 — all post–death acts by the agent are void; third parties dealing with agents must verify the principal is alive.
- Revocation is effective against each party only from actual receipt of notice — Section 3, Powers of Attorney Act, 1882; must register revocation deed if original POA was registered.
Key Changes
Old Position vs Current Law
| Aspect | Earlier Position | Current Position |
|---|---|---|
| GPA for property sale | GPA + Agreement to Sell treated as valid property transfer — widespread practice especially in Delhi | Suraj Lamp (2012 SC): GPA + agreement is NOT valid property transfer. Only registered sale deed transfers title. Sub-Registrars directed to stop GPA transactions. |
| NRI POA registration | Confusing process — inconsistent practice across Sub-Registrar offices | Standardised: Hague countries — notarise + apostille. Non-Hague — Indian Consulate attestation. Register at Sub-Registrar in India within 3 months. |
| Notarised vs registered POA | Often confused — practitioners unsure which was required | Settled: Notarised POA sufficient for court, bank, government. Registration required only when agent is to sign registered documents on principal's behalf. |
| GPA on principal's death | Some agents continued acting post-death — not well understood | Auto-terminates on principal's death under S.201 Indian Contract Act. Post-death acts are void. Third parties must verify principal is alive. |
| Revocation process | Not well understood — agents continued acting after informal revocation | Proper process: Revocation Deed → Register if original was registered → Written notice to agent → Notify all third parties. Effective only from actual notice to each party. |
Procedure
Step-by-Step Procedure
1
Determine GPA or SPA
GPA: wide powers needed for extended period — property management, banking, general administration. SPA: one specific act — sign a particular deed, appear in one case. Use SPA wherever possible — narrower authority reduces misuse risk. Clearly identify: (a) identity of principal and agent; (b) exact powers to be granted (enumerate specifically); (c) duration; (d) whether sub-delegation is permitted; (e) whether registration is required.
2
Draft POA — Advocate Prepared
POA must clearly state: full names and Aadhaar of principal and agent; exact powers granted (specific enumeration — avoid vague "all acts" language); duration or expiry; whether sub-delegation is permitted; the specific property or subject matter if property-related. Execute on stamp paper of appropriate value (Delhi stamp duty applicable). Inadequately stamped POA is inadmissible as evidence.
3
Notarise or Register
Notarised (before Notary Public): sufficient for court appearances, bank operations, government applications, insurance claims. Registered (at Sub-Registrar): required when agent is authorised to sign registered documents (sale deed, mortgage deed, lease over 1 year) on principal's behalf. Both principal and agent should appear at Sub-Registrar with original ID proof for registration.
4
NRI POA — Complete Process
(1) Draft POA with Indian advocate specifying Indian property / acts; (2) Execute before Notary Public abroad; (3) Hague Convention countries (USA, UK, UAE, Australia, Canada etc.): obtain Apostille from designated authority; (4) Non-Hague countries: get attestation from Indian Embassy / Consulate / High Commission; (5) Bring apostilled/attested POA to India; (6) Register at the relevant Sub-Registrar's office in India within 3 months of execution date.
5
Agent Authority — Limits
Agent CAN only do what is specifically authorised in the POA. Agent CANNOT: do unauthorised acts (principal not bound); sell property if not specifically authorised; sub-delegate unless POA allows; act after principal's death (all post-death acts void); make a Will on principal's behalf; give evidence on oath. Third parties dealing with agent should verify: POA is valid, principal is alive, act is within scope of POA.
6
Revoke GPA
(1) Execute Revocation Deed in writing; (2) Register the Revocation Deed at Sub-Registrar — mandatory if original POA was registered; (3) Give written notice of revocation to the agent; (4) Notify all known third parties who may have been dealing with the agent — banks, courts, business counterparties; (5) Notify bank specifically if banking authority was given. Revocation is effective against each party only from the moment they actually receive notice — under S.3 Powers of Attorney Act.
⏱ Typical Timelines — POA Process Delhi
Indicative. Depends on Sub-Registrar workload and document completeness.
Notarised POA
Same day
Before Notary Public — immediate
Registered POA (India)
1–3 days
Sub-Registrar appointment + registration
NRI POA (Full Process)
2–6 weeks
Notarise + apostille abroad + register India
Important Note
A GPA transaction — Agreement to Sell + GPA + Will — does not create valid property title. The Supreme Court reaffirmed this in Ramesh Chand (D) Thr. LRs. v. Suresh Chand (2025 INSC 1059, decided 01.09.2025), clarifying that even a registered Will cannot substitute a registered sale deed. Delhi Sub–Registrars are directed to decline GPA–based conveyances. Any person who purchased Delhi property through a GPA transaction should urgently consult an advocate to obtain a registered sale deed from the original owner.
Documents
Documents Required
Aadhaar Card of principal (person giving POA)
Aadhaar Card of agent (person receiving authority)
Stamp paper of appropriate value (Delhi stamp duty)
Property documents (if POA is for property transactions)
For NRI: Passport and overseas address proof
For NRI: Notarisation certificate from overseas Notary Public
For NRI (Hague countries): Apostille certificate
For NRI (non-Hague): Indian Consulate / Embassy attestation
Key Points
Key Points — Power of Attorney
📜 Quick Reference — GPA / SPA
GPAWide authority — multiple acts. Revocable. Ends on principal's death.
SPALimited to one specific act. Expires after act done.
Suraj Lamp 2012 SCGPA alone CANNOT transfer property title — only registered sale deed.
Registration — when requiredWhen agent to sign registered documents (sale deed, mortgage) on principal's behalf.
Notarised POASufficient for court, bank, government applications.
NRI POA (Hague countries)Notarise + apostille + register India within 3 months.
NRI POA (non-Hague)Notarise + Indian Consulate attestation + register India within 3 months.
GPA on deathAuto-terminates. Post-death acts void.
RevocationRevocation Deed + register (if registered) + notify agent + all third parties.
Sub-delegationNot permitted unless POA specifically allows.
Applicable Laws
Relevant Statutes
Section 1A — Definition · Powers-of-Attorney Act, 1882
“In this Act, ‘Power-of-Attorney’ includes any instrument empowering a specified person to act for and in the name of the person executing it.”— Section 1A, Powers-of-Attorney Act, 1882 (India Code)
Section 2 — Execution under power-of-attorney · POA Act, 1882
“The donee of a power-of-attorney may, if he thinks fit, execute or do any instrument or thing in and with his own name and signature, and his own seal, where sealing is required, by the authority of the donor of the power; and every instrument and thing so executed and done, shall be as effectual in law as if it had been executed or done by the donee of the power in the name, and with the signature and seal, of the donor thereof.”— Section 2, Powers-of-Attorney Act, 1882 (India Code)
Section 33 — POA recognisable for registration · Registration Act, 1908
For the purposes of Section 32, only specified powers-of-attorney are recognised — where the principal resides in India, a POA executed before and authenticated by the Registrar or Sub-Registrar within whose district the principal resides; where the principal resides abroad, one authenticated by a Notary Public, Court, Magistrate or Indian Consul.— Section 33(1), Registration Act, 1908 (India Code)
Stamp duty in Delhi · Indian Stamp Act, 1899 (Delhi Amendment 2007)
A power of attorney is chargeable to stamp duty under Schedule I-A of the Indian Stamp Act, 1899 as applicable to the NCT of Delhi. Where a power of attorney forms part of a sale / “GPA-sale” of immovable property, conveyance duty applies: under Article 23 of Schedule I-A (as substituted by the Indian Stamp (Delhi Amendment) Act, 2007, in force 20.11.2007) the conveyance stamp duty is 3% of the consideration, reduced to 2% where the property is held individually or jointly by a woman / women.— Schedule I-A Art. 23, Indian Stamp Act, 1899 (Delhi Amendment Act 2007)
Powers of Attorney Act, 1882
S.1A: POA = instrument empowering a specified person to act for and in the name of the person executing it. S.2: Irrevocable POA — where agent has an interest in the subject matter, POA cannot be revoked without agent's consent. S.3: Bank dealing in good faith with agent before actual notice of revocation is protected.
View on IndiaCode →
Indian Contract Act, 1872 — Agency (Sections 182–238)
S.182: Agent = person employed to act for principal. S.188: Extent of agent's authority — agent cannot exceed authority in POA. S.201: Agency terminates by revocation, renunciation, completion of business, death or insolvency of either party. S.209: Agent's authority in emergency — agent may do acts necessary for emergency even if not specifically authorised.
View on IndiaCode →
Registration Act, 1908 — Section 33
Documents executed abroad may be registered in India if authenticated before the Indian Consul or Notary Public. Hague Convention countries: apostille sufficient. Non-Hague: Indian Consulate attestation. NRI POA must be registered at Sub-Registrar in India within 3 months of date of execution abroad — after apostille/Consulate attestation.
View on IndiaCode →
Indian Stamp Act, 1899 — POA Stamp Duty
GPA and SPA attract stamp duty under the Indian Stamp Act as applicable in Delhi. GPA for property transactions attracts higher duty; non-property POAs attract lower rates. Inadequately stamped POA is inadmissible as evidence in court — must pay deficit stamp duty with penalty before it can be acted upon. Proper stamping essential before use.
View on IndiaCode →
Income Tax Act — TDS via Agent (Section 194-IA)
TDS obligations follow the principal — not the agent. When an agent executes a sale deed on behalf of the principal (seller), the buyer must deduct 1% TDS from the sale consideration if the consideration exceeds Rs.50 lakh — even though an agent signed the deed. TDS is deposited in the name of the principal/seller. Buyer must issue Form 16B to the seller.
Income Tax India →
Judgments
Landmark Judgments
1
Delhi High Court — GPA Registration After Suraj Lamp
Joginder Kumar Goyal v. Govt. of NCT of Delhi — Delhi HC, 17.05.2016
High Court of Delhi | W.P.(C) 3012/2016 | Decided: 17.05.2016
Following Suraj Lamp, Church of Christ Charitable Trust and Kasthuri Radhakrishnan, the Delhi High Court reiterated that a GPA does not convey title to immovable property. However, genuine powers of attorney — e.g., to a spouse, son, daughter, sibling, relative or a developer to manage affairs or execute conveyances — remain valid and may be registered; the registering authority may examine the genuineness of the transaction.
View on Indian Kanoon →
2
Landmark — POA Governed by the POA Act, 1882
Kasthuri Radhakrishnan v. M. Chinniyan — (2016) 3 SCC 296
Supreme Court of India | Decided: 28.01.2016 | Justices J. Chelameswar & A.M. Sapre
The law relating to power of attorney is governed by the Powers-of-Attorney Act, 1882. An agent acting under a power of attorney always acts, as a general rule, in the name of the principal; any document executed or thing done by the agent on the strength of the power is as effective as if done by the principal himself. The donee acts in a fiduciary capacity and cannot use the power for his own benefit, though he may execute a conveyance if the power so authorises.
View on Indian Kanoon →
3
Principle — POA Holder & s.138: Authorisation + Knowledge
A.C. Narayanan v. State of Maharashtra — (2014) 11 SCC 790
Supreme Court of India | Three-Judge Bench | Decided: 13.09.2013
A power-of-attorney holder may file and depose in a Section 138 complaint only if duly authorised and if he has witnessed the transaction or otherwise possesses knowledge of it; a holder with no knowledge cannot be examined as a witness. The functions under a general power of attorney cannot be sub-delegated to another person without an express clause permitting it.
View on Casemine →
4
Delhi High Court — Over-broad POA Circular Set Aside
Pace Developers & Promoters Pvt. Ltd. v. GNCTD — Delhi HC
High Court of Delhi | W.P.(C) 4585/2012
The Delhi High Court set aside an over-broad circular that had unduly restricted registration of powers of attorney, reaffirming that powers of attorney executed in genuine transactions are valid and registrable, while the concerned authority remains free to examine the genuineness of the transaction at the time of registration of the conveyance.
View on Indian Kanoon →
5
Landmark — GPA Cannot Transfer Title
Suraj Lamp and Industries Pvt. Ltd. v. State of Haryana — (2012) 1 SCC 656
Supreme Court of India | Three-Judge Bench | Decided: 11.10.2011 | Justices R.V. Raveendran, A.K. Patnaik & H.L. Gokhale
Landmark judgment ending the widespread practice of GPA-based property transactions in India. The SC held that a General Power of Attorney coupled with an Agreement to Sell and Will does NOT transfer property title. Title to immovable property can only be transferred through a registered sale deed executed by the actual owner. The court directed all states and Sub-Registrars to stop treating GPA transactions as valid property conveyances. Any person who purchased property through a GPA transaction should urgently get a registered sale deed from the original owner. GPA buyers get no valid, marketable title.
View on IndianKanoon →
6
Principle — Sale Deed: Principal vs POA Holder
Rajni Tandon v. Dulal Ranjan Ghosh Dastidar — (2009) 14 SCC 782
Supreme Court of India | Decided: 2009
The Court distinguished between a sale deed executed by the principal himself (where the POA holder merely presents the already-executed deed for registration) and a deed executed by the POA holder on the principal's behalf. The competence to present and the requirements of authentication under the Registration Act turn on which of these situations applies.
View on Indian Kanoon →
7
Principle — Payee's POA Holder Can File s.138 Complaint
M/s Shankar Finance & Investments v. State of A.P. — (2008) 8 SCC 536
Supreme Court of India | Decided: 26.06.2008 | Justice R.V. Raveendran
A complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act can be filed by the payee through a power-of-attorney holder, provided the complaint is in the name of and on behalf of the payee. A POA holder who is aware of the transaction can sign the complaint and depose; the requirement of Section 142 (complaint by the payee) is satisfied.
View on Indian Kanoon →
8
Landmark — POA Is Agency, Not Transfer
State of Rajasthan v. Basant Nahata — (2005) 12 SCC 77
Supreme Court of India | Decided: 07.09.2005 | Justices Ashok Bhan & S.B. Sinha
A power of attorney only creates an agency authorising the donee to do the acts specified, on behalf of the donor; it is NOT an instrument of transfer of any right, title or interest in immovable property. Even an irrevocable power of attorney does not transfer title to the donee. Execution of a POA under the Contract Act and the Powers-of-Attorney Act, 1882 is lawful. The Court struck down Section 22-A of the Registration Act (as inserted in Rajasthan) for conferring vague, arbitrary "public policy" power on the executive, holding that determination of public policy is a judicial function.
View on Indian Kanoon →
9
Principle — POA Holder's Evidence Is Limited
Janki Vashdeo Bhojwani v. IndusInd Bank Ltd. — (2005) 2 SCC 217
Supreme Court of India | AIR 2005 SC 439 | Decided: 09.12.2004
Under Order III Rules 1 & 2 CPC a power-of-attorney holder may "act" for the principal, but only in respect of acts done by the holder himself. The holder cannot depose, in place of the principal, on facts that are within the principal's personal knowledge, nor be cross-examined on them. Where the burden of proof rests on the principal, the principal must enter the witness box himself.
View on Indian Kanoon →
10
Principle — POA Holder Is Not a "Pleader"
T.C. Mathai v. District & Sessions Judge, Thiruvananthapuram — (1999) 3 SCC 614
Supreme Court of India | Decided: 31.03.1999 | Justices K.T. Thomas & M.B. Shah
An agent holding a power of attorney cannot, as of right, appear and plead for a party in criminal proceedings; he can do so only if the party obtains the court's permission to appoint him. Section 2 of the Powers-of-Attorney Act, 1882 cannot override a specific statutory provision (here, the CrPC) requiring an act to be done by the party in person.
View on Indian Kanoon →
Recent Developments
Recent Developments
2012 — SC Landmark
Suraj Lamp — GPA Cannot Transfer Title
GPA + Agreement = not valid property transfer. Only registered sale deed. States implementing SC directions — Sub-Registrars instructed not to register GPA as conveyance. Buyers via GPA do not get valid title. Consistently applied.
Sep 2025 — SC
Ramesh Chand v. Suresh Chand — GPA + Will Still Insufficient
Supreme Court (2025 INSC 1059, 01.09.2025) reiterated: GPA, Agreement to Sell and Will together do NOT confer property title. Even a registered Will cannot substitute a registered sale deed. Property reverts to intestate succession unless a valid registered deed is executed. Delhi property dispute directly in point. IK doc-id: 83663747.
Ongoing
NRI POA — Apostille Standardised
Hague Convention countries (USA, UK, UAE, Australia, Canada): notarise + apostille + register India within 3 months. Process now well-established across Sub-Registrar offices in Delhi. Digital apostille increasingly accepted.
Best Practice
Specific SPA Better Than Vague GPA
Specific enumeration of powers and use of SPA for individual transactions is now the recommended approach — rather than blanket GPA. Reduces misuse risk. Courts strictly construe scope of authority — vague GPAs invite disputes.
Best Practice
Revoke Promptly — Notify All Parties
Promptly revoke GPA when no longer needed: register revocation deed + notify agent + notify all known third parties (banks, courts). Failure to notify leaves principal exposed to agent's continued acts binding them.
Practical Tip
Before buying property in Delhi on the strength of a GPA, always verify: (1) whether a registered sale deed was ever executed in the chain; (2) that the original owner is alive; (3) that the POA was registered (not merely notarised) if the seller is relying on it to execute the sale deed. NRIs giving POA should execute an SPA for each specific transaction rather than a blanket GPA — it limits scope, reduces misuse risk, and makes it easier for the buyer and Sub-Registrar to verify authority. Revoke any old, unused GPA promptly by registered deed — failure to notify third parties means the principal remains bound.
FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a Power of Attorney?
A POA is a legal document authorising a person (Agent/Attorney) to act on behalf of another (Principal). Two types: GPA (wide authority — property management, banking, court) and SPA (limited to one specific act). Agent's authority is strictly limited to what is specified in the POA. Governed by the Powers of Attorney Act, 1882 and Indian Contract Act, 1872.
What is the difference between GPA and SPA?
GPA: wide general authority for multiple acts over an extended period — NRIs use for India property management. Revocable anytime. SPA: limited to one specific act — sign a particular sale deed, appear in one case, make one bank transaction. Expires after the act. Use SPA wherever possible — narrower authority reduces misuse risk.
Can a GPA holder sell my property?
Suraj Lamp (2012 SC): GPA alone cannot transfer property title. Even if GPA authorises sale — the buyer gets NO valid title through GPA. Title flows only through a registered sale deed executed by the actual owner. Always insist on a registered sale deed directly from the owner — not a GPA-based transaction.
When is registration of a POA required?
Registration required when agent is to sign registered documents on principal's behalf — sale deed, mortgage deed, lease over 1 year. Notarised POA (before Notary Public) is sufficient for: court appearances, bank operations, government applications, insurance claims. Choose notarised or registered based on the intended use of the POA.
How does an NRI execute a valid POA for India?
(1) Draft with Indian advocate; (2) Execute before Notary Public abroad; (3) Hague country (USA, UK, UAE, Australia): get apostille from designated authority; (4) Non-Hague: Indian Consulate/Embassy attestation; (5) Bring to India; (6) Register at Sub-Registrar within 3 months of execution. All steps mandatory for valid use in India.
How to revoke a GPA?
(1) Execute Revocation Deed; (2) Register if original was registered; (3) Written notice to agent; (4) Notify all third parties — banks, courts, business counterparties; (5) If bank account authority: notify bank immediately. Revocation is effective from the date each party actually receives notice — not from the date of the revocation deed.
What acts cannot be done via a POA?
Cannot delegate: making a Will (inherently personal testamentary act), giving court evidence on oath, voting, filing personal affidavit. Agent cannot exceed authority in POA. Acts beyond scope: agent is personally liable; principal not bound.
Does GPA end on the principal's death?
Yes — GPA auto-terminates on death of principal under Section 201 of the Indian Contract Act. Any act after death is void. Exception: irrevocable POA where agent has an interest in the subject matter. Third parties dealing with agents should verify principal is alive for significant transactions.
Is a notarised POA valid for court?
Yes — notarised POA (without registration) is generally sufficient to authorise representation in court. CPC Order III allows appearing through a recognised agent. However, for specific personal acts — filing affidavits, verifying pleadings — courts may require the principal to appear personally or may insist on specific authorisation in the POA.
Can an agent sub-delegate authority?
Generally no — agent cannot sub-delegate unless the POA specifically permits. Unauthorised sub-delegation: acts of sub-delegate not binding on principal. If sub-delegation may be needed (e.g., NRI POA for property management), specifically include sub-delegation authority in the POA document.
Self-Assessment
Test Your Knowledge
📜 Power of Attorney (GPA / SPA) — 20 Questions
Glossary
Key Legal Terms
GPA — General Power of Attorney
Wide authority for multiple acts. NRI property management. Revocable. Ends on principal's death. Cannot transfer property title (Suraj Lamp 2012 SC).
SPA — Special Power of Attorney
Limited to one specific act only. Expires after act done. Preferred over vague GPA — reduces misuse risk.
Suraj Lamp 2012 SC
GPA + Agreement does NOT transfer property title. Only registered sale deed. Sub-Registrars directed to stop GPA transactions as valid conveyances.
Registration — When Required
When agent to sign registered documents (sale deed, mortgage, lease over 1 year) on principal's behalf. Registered at Sub-Registrar's office.
Notarised POA
Before Notary Public. Sufficient for court, bank, government. NOT sufficient when agent is to sign registered documents on principal's behalf.
Apostille
Hague Convention (1961) certification authenticating documents for use in member countries. Required for NRI POA from Hague countries (USA, UK, UAE, Australia). Non-Hague: Indian Consulate attestation.
Revocation of GPA
Revocation Deed + register if registered + notify agent + all third parties in writing. Effective against each party from actual receipt of notice — S.3 POA Act.
Irrevocable POA — S.2
Where agent has an interest in the subject matter — POA cannot be revoked without agent's consent. Exception to general revocability rule. Example: lender given POA over mortgaged property as security.
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This is an informational guide and is reviewed periodically against the official sources cited above. If any provision appears outdated or an inadvertent error is noticed, it may be pointed out using the contact details on this page so that the content can be reviewed and corrected. Readers should verify the current statutory text and case law from authentic sources before relying on it.
